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Vlad's father, The expression Dracula, which is now primarily known as the name of a fictional, was for centuries known as the of Vlad III. Diplomatic reports and popular stories referred to him as Dracula, Dracuglia, or Drakula already in the 15th century. He himself signed his two letters as 'Dragulya' or 'Drakulya' in the late 1470s. His name had its origin in the sobriquet of his father, ('Vlad the Dragon' in ), who received it after he became a member of the.

Dracula is the of Dracul, meaning '[the son] of Dracul (or the Dragon)'. In modern Romanian, dracul means 'the devil', which contributed to Vlad's reputation. Vlad III is known as Vlad Țepeș (or Vlad the Impaler) in Romanian historiography. This sobriquet is connected to the that was his favorite method of execution.

The Ottoman writer referred to him as Kazıklı (Impaler Lord) around 1500., Voivode of Wallachia, used this sobriquet when referring to Vlad III in a letter of grant on 1 April 1551. Early life [ ] Vlad was the second legitimate son of, who was an illegitimate son of. Vlad II had won the moniker 'Dracul' for his membership in the, a militant fraternity founded. The Order of the Dragon was dedicated to halting the Ottoman advance into.

As he was old enough to be a candidate to the throne of Wallachia in 1448, his time of birth would have been between 1428 and 1431. Vlad was most probably born after his father settled in in 1429. Historian writes that Vlad was born in the town of (then in the ), where his father lived in a three- stone house from 1431 to 1435. Modern historians identify Vlad's mother either as a daughter or a kinswoman of, or as his father's unknown first wife.

— Vlad's letter to the councilors of In exile [ ] Vlad first settled in in the after his fall. Not long after, he moved to, where (his father's brother-in-law and possibly his maternal uncle) had mounted the throne with John Hunyadi's support in the autumn of 1449. After Bogdan was murdered by in October 1451, Bogdan's son,, fled to Transylvania with Vlad to seek assistance from Hunyadi. However, Hunyadi concluded a three-year truce with the Ottoman Empire on 20 November 1451, acknowledging the Wallachian boyars' right to elect the successor of Vladislav II if he died. Vlad allegedly wanted to settle in Brașov (which was a center of the Wallachian boyars expelled by Vladislaus II), but Hunyadi forbade the burghers to give shelter to him on 6 February 1452.

Vlad returned to Moldavia where had dethroned Peter Aaron. The events of his life during the years that followed are unknown. He must have returned to Hungary before 3 July 1456, because on that day Hunyadi informed the townspeople of Brașov that he had tasked Vlad with the defence of the Transylvanian border. Second rule [ ] Consolidation [ ]. Ruins of the Princely Court in The circumstances and the date of Vlad's return to Wallachia are uncertain. He invaded Wallachia with Hungarian support either in April, July, or in August 1456. Vladislav II died during the invasion.

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Vlad sent his first extant letter as to the burghers of Brașov on 10 September. He promised to protect them in case of an Ottoman invasion of Transylvania, but he also sought their assistance if the Ottomans occupied Wallachia. In the same letter, he stated that 'when a man or a prince is strong and powerful he can make peace as he wants to; but when he is weak, a stronger one will come and do what he wants to him', showing his authoritarian personality. Multiple sources (including 's chronicle) recorded that hundreds or thousands of people were executed at Vlad's order at the beginning of his reign.

He began a purge against the boyars who had participated in the murder of his father and elder brother, or whom he suspected of plotting against him. Chalkokondyles stated that Vlad 'quickly effected a great change and utterly revolutionized the affairs of Wallachia' through granting the 'money, property, and other goods' of his victims to his retainers. The lists of the members of the princely council during Vlad's reign also show that only two of them (Voico Dobrița and Iova) were able to retain their positions between 1457 and 1461. Conflict with the Saxons [ ] Vlad sent the customary tribute to the sultan. After John Hunyadi died on 11 August 1456, his elder son, became the captain-general of Hungary. He accused Vlad of having 'no intention of remaining faithful' to the king of Hungary in a letter to the burghers of Brașov, also ordering them to support Vladislaus II's brother,, against Vlad. The burghers of supported another pretender, 'a priest of the Romanians who calls himself a Prince's son'.